Care & Advice

This is a brief general care guide but there a lot of different approaches to rabbit care and you will ultimately choose what is best for you and your bunny. We urge new owners however to purchase responsibly and ensure you have researched rabbits care needs and the individual care needs of the type of breed you have chosen. Remember rabbits are an extension of your family, they need to be treated with love and respect as any other animal.
This care guide has external links with credits to the RWAF, RSPCA and THE ANIMAL TRUST websites.
Rabbit Welfare &
The Animal Welfare Act
  • Under the Animal Welfare Act, pet owners are legally obliged to care for their pets properly – by providing the following five basic welfare needs.
    * A suitable place to live.
    * A healthy diet
    *The opportunity to exhibit normal animal behaviours.
    *Appropriate company, including any need to be housed with, or apart from, other animals.
    *Protection from pain, suffering, injury and disease.

Enclosure & Home


 Provide your rabbits with a secure living environment that is large enough for them to exercise in and stand up fully on their back legs. Rabbits whilst domestic, are naturally prey animals   and you should provide a secure shelter where your rabbits can rest, feel safe and are protected from predators and extremes of weather and temperature. Ensure all areas of your rabbits’ environment are well ventilated, dry and draught free.  Rabbits need regular and frequent opportunities to exercise. Make sure your rabbits have opportunities to exercise every day to stay fit and healthy. Ensure they also have a suitable toilet area to encourage litter training - Their toilet areas should be separate from sleeping areas but in order to encourage the use of the area try placing a hay rack over the litter tray to encourage them to eat hay.

Rabbits may use either a water bottle or water bowl but this should be either heavy enough for them not to tip or secured in some way. We offer both bottles and bowls to our rabbits and these bowls are secured to the wall of their enclosure with a non-tip bolt.  Food bowls should also be heavy (we provide personalised ceramic 500ml bowls in our shop) so they cannot be knocked over and we recommend placing a seperate bowl for greens, fruit and veg to prevent the moisture going into their pellets. Rabbits can live either outdoors or indoors but ensure you follow the guidelines so that either accomodation is appropriate, safe and as big as possible to make sure your bunny stays happy and healthy. 


Diet & Nutrition


Rabbits diet should consist mainly of hay - timothy hay from 6 months + and alfalfa hay before this. This is important for their dental and digestive health. Rabbits have an unusual digestive system - food is passed through their gut and special droppings, called caecotrophs, are produced. Rabbits eat these caecotrophs, allowing the food to be re-ingested. 
If giving pellets, follow manufacturer's instructions and make sure the pellets are appropriate to the size and breed of your rabbit. Large pellets for small rabbits may become lodged and result in a dangerous and deadly situation for your bunny. Dwarf rabbit nuggets are available and we feed ours 'pets at home' dwarf/junior rabbit nuggets with mint. Only feed your rabbit a quarter cup of nuggets per day and  avoid muesli type rabbit food as these sometimes contain unnecessary colorants that do not benefit a rabbit diet.

Vegetables, greens and fruits:
Root vegetables (e.g. carrots) or fruit only in small amounts as treats. Don't feed other treats as they may harm your rabbits.
Safe, washed leafy green vegetables/herbs/weeds daily. Take care - some plants are poisonous or may cause upset to your rabbits stomach. Make sure you research any food given to your rabbits thoroughly to ensure they are safe for consumption.
Make sure our bunny always has fresh clean drinking water continuously, checked daily. And if outdoors, ensure water doesn't freeze in winter.


Additional supplements such as vitamins for water and calcium are recommended but should be used with advice from a vet. 
Socialisation & Bonding


Ideally rabbits should be kept in pairs or groups. To prevent accidental litters, groups and pairs should be neutered males & females or two females or two males. It is highly advisable to neuter all types of pairings to prevent territorial behaviours. In bonded groups or pairs rabbits will play with eachother, groom each other and sleep together. The process of bonding needs to be taken slowly and you should have the means to seperate the rabbits appropriately whilst this is in process. Rabbits can live by themselves and will bond with their owners but they will need plenty of interaction and socialization with you and the family to ensure they do not get lonely. Rabbits can grieve and become sad if they are left on their own (such as when they lose a bonded friend) and in extreme cases this can lead to death when they stop eating and drinking. Be sure to give your rabbit lots of love and attention should this situation occur. 
Socialisation with you should be slow at first and gentle. Alot of rabbits don't like to be picked up or cuddled despite their cuddly appearance! Mini lop plush rabbits are highly socialable and love to bond and play with their owners. Rabbits will show you affection by 'chinning' you and running around you in a circle which is their little 'dance of love'! Happy bunnies will show they are comfortable with you by exhibiting their happy behaviours such as binkying, zooming around, playing with their toys and sometimes even jumping to you (or on your lap!) 


Playtime & Enrichment


Rabbits are very sociable and playful animals that require attention, exercise and stimulation.
Willow balls and other toys can be placed around the enclosure for your rabbits to play with and we recommend swapping them around on occasion to keep things different and fresh! Cardboard such as toilet rolls are a cheap and easy toy that rabbits like to throw and gnaw on. We also recommend gnawing toys, balls with bells and snuffle mats! But avoid gnawing toys that are coloured as these can include unnecessary dyes. 

Tunnels & Hides: Tunnels are lots of fun: they will encourage your rabbits to be active, and provide a substitute burrow for them to run through and hide in.  

Digging: Rabbits are diggers and ideally need a digging pit. This could be a large litter tray or planter filled with earth or sand. This will need to be changed regularly. 
Foraging: Rabbits love to snuffle around so rather than put their food in a bowl, put it around the enclosure, in their tunnels or under some hay, this will encourage their natural urge to  forage.Platforms: Rabbits, as prey animals, like to check out their surroundings. It is a natural instinct of theirs to keep a lookout. To allow them to do this, give them something to stand on, perhaps a block of wood or a sturdy box, which can double as a tunnel.
Grooming & Care


Rabbit Teeth: Rabbits have continuously growing teeth - a rabbit's top front teeth grow at a rate of 3mm a week! It's important for them to have a constant supply of hay in order for them to graze and wear their teeth down. They can also use gnawing toys to help with this. In extreme cases rabbits will need their teeth filed down - experienced owners do this themselves but we advise seeking a vets assistance. 
Rabbit Nails: Long nails can get snagged easily and can be torn, sometimes right out of the nail bed. This is of course extremely painful, and there can be a surprising amount of bleeding. 
As part of your regular checks of your rabbits you need to keep an eye on their nails. If the nails need clipping and you aren’t confident to do this yourself then ask your vet  to do it. There is a vein and a nerve running up each nail that has to be avoided. It’s known as the ‘quick’ and if it gets cut it will be painful for the rabbit and there will be a lot of blood - this is called the quick. It is fairly straightforward to cut a rabbit’s nails, especially pale, translucent ones where the quick can be seen, so it’s well worth learning how to do it. You can either hold your rabbit with it’s backside supported as if it is sitting up to cut the nails or place it on a towel on a worktop and very gently pull the foot to the side to get to the nails.
Avoiding cutting the quick: If you have a rabbit with light nails it’s quite easy to see the quick but if the nails are dark it’s far more difficult. There are ways to get around it. You can shine a torch from behind the nail. The light coming through will show you where the quick ends, and therefore where it’s safe to cut.  If you are going to cut your rabbits’ nails then you’ll need some decent nail clippers. We recommend the scissor-shaped type. We also recommend having a torch to hand to ensure you can see the quick through the nail - especially with darker nails!

It's also good to have on hand some anti septic powder to hand  just in case as if you do manage to nip the quick in the nail you can pop this powder on to stem the bleeding. 
Grooming Fur: We can help our pets by grooming them regularly, and this is especially important when they are moulting. When rabbits groom themselves they swallow a lot of fur and if they swallow too much it can cause their gut to slow down, which can be dangerous. Unlike cats, rabbits cannot vomit, so it’s important to remove as much loose fur as possible.

Matted fur: If your rabbit has any matted fur and you cannot gently brush the matt out, try untangling with your fingers, but be very careful not to tug on the fur as that can be uncomfortable for your rabbit and may even cause injury to his skin. If this doesn’t work, you may need to cut the matt out. Be careful, especially if it’s very close to the skin. If you are worried that it’s so close to the skin that cutting it might cause injury, ask your vet to clip the fur instead, using a clipper head that is appropriate for a rabbit’s fine fur.

Getting your rabbits wet: As a prey species, rabbits do not like to feel vulnerable, and a rabbit in water isn’t a natural position for them to be in. Even just getting them wet is problematic. When wet rabbit hair clumps together, getting them completely dry is a very difficult task, and rabbits who are left damp are potentially prone to respiratory infections and hypothermia.

TRANCING - NEVER LAY YOUR RABBIT ON IT'S BACK. This is called 'trancing' it forces your rabbit into a state of fear. This is prey behavior and is essentially them 'playing dead' This is a dangerous and unnecessary practice which we do not enforce. Rabbits can be trained and calmed by other methods.

Litter Training & Rewards 


Rabbits are intelligent - pet rabbits can be taught to respond to commands using positive reward-based training. Discover more about the behaviour of rabbits.

Corner Litter Pan / Litter Box: When shopping for litter boxes, you will typically find minimal options available. While a litter box allows your rabbit more space to do their business, most litter boxes are made with cats in mind.

Although they will need cleaning more frequently, we recommend a seed tray in which a rabbit can easily hop in and out and can fit more snugly into most enclosures. 

To prevent your bunny from soiling their coat, it’s important to use bedding as a base layer in the litter pan. This will also keep odours from travelling by absorbing the smell.

While wood shavings can be effective, we use straw bedding. As well as super absorbency, this bedding is soft in texture to provide comfort for your rabbit and will encourage them to use the litter tray. Some bunnies enjoy chomping on hay while using their litter pan. We suggest installing a hay feeder nearby with plenty of hay for your rabbit to nibble on.

 Regular cleaning of the litter pan and cage with a pet safe disinfectant is essential.  Items to avoid:

  • Cat litters – this can be deadly to rabbits.

  • Clay litter – if ingested, this can be fatal for rabbits

Ideally, the litter tray should sit in an area that faces out to the rest of the room. That way, your rabbit has a clear view of its surroundings. In the first instance, it’s a good idea to minimize their space. During this time taken to train your rabbit keep an eye on where they naturally gravitate to for toilet use. This will be the best place to set up the litter tray. Once your rabbit has made clear their preference of placement, it’s time to install the litter tray. By adding a small amount of soiled bedding to the litter pan, you can help introduce your rabbit to the right area.

Restrict room to roam during training: Rabbits are at their happiest when they have plenty of space to run, play and relax. However, during house-training, it’s best to limit the space they have in your house to one room if possible.

Reward good behaviour: Try to reward your rabbit every time you notice her using her litter pan. A small treat, verbal praise and affectionate head rubs will help your bunny to understand the use of the litter pan to be good behaviour. When accidents happen, place your rabbit in the pan and reward them for ending up in the right place.

How can I stop my rabbit from marking its territory?

Spraying and urinating are very different things. While they can be taught not to urinate in the house or hutch, spraying is a separate issue.

Rabbits who are not neutered or spayed will spray when they find a space that isn’t marked by their scent. Training them not to can be difficult - especially for unneutered males. If you are considering having your rabbit neutered, consult with your vet as a priority.


 
Neutering & Spaying


  • Neutering - unneutered females are at high risk of developing womb cancer, and unneutered rabbits are more likely to fight. You should therefore neuter your rabbits unless you intend to breed them, have plans in place for caring for both parents and offspring.
  • Besides preventing reproduction and reproductive cancers in females and testicular tumours in males, neutering reduces unwanted behaviours like spraying of urine, aggression, false-pregnancies and excessive mounting.

    The younger the rabbit is neutered the better, preferably less than six months of age. If a rabbit is neutered later in life it may be less effective in reducing the unwanted behaviours as they will have become ‘learned’.

    Neutered rabbits still have hormones going around their bodies. Neutering them doesn’t rid males of all their main hormone, testosterone or females of their main hormone, oestrogen.


Other Animals

Like alot of households you may have more than one type of pet. Rabbits are socialable creatures but are also prey animals. It is important to ensure introductions are made under supervision appropriately making sure your bunny feels secure.

Illness & Vacinations 


Rabbits need vaccinations to protect against: 

Myxomatosis  is widespread in British wild rabbits. It's a virus spread by blood-sucking insects (fleas, mites, mosquitoes). It can also be spread from rabbit to rabbit contact and via environmental contamination.  Symptoms: It can take up to 14 days for symptoms to appear. Early symptoms include puffy swellings around the face, ears and or eyes, which can cause blindness. The swellings can also affect the anus and or genitals. This often progresses to a high fever, and eating and drinking become more difficult. At times, myxomatosis is more prolonged and multiple lumps appear. The disease is often fatal, and there's no specific treatment, and sadly, recovery is rare. Putting the rabbit to sleep is usually the kindest option when infected. Regular vaccines are essential. While the vaccine doesn't always prevent transmission, vaccinated rabbits experience a milder disease. 

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (R(V)HD)  Disease is widespread in Britain's wild rabbits. It's a serious disease, causing high fever, internal bleeding and liver disease. The disease doesn't affect rabbits under six weeks but causes severe disease in older rabbits. Like myxomatosis, (R(V)HD) spreads via direct contact, contaminated objects or environments, and insects. The disease is almost always fatal.

 Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease 2 (R(V)HD2): R(V)HD2 has a lower mortality rate than R(V)HD, but often the only sign seen is sudden death. It spreads in the same way as R(V)HD1, but rabbits of all ages can be infected. There's no specific treatment, and although some rabbits can recover from infection, it's fatal in many cases.  

 There are different vaccines you can get for your rabbits, including: Combined vaccines offer annual protection against both myxomatosis and R(V)HD. Rabbits can be vaccinated from five weeks old. You'll also need a single, separate vaccine to protect against R(V)HD2 at 10 weeks old. or an annual vaccine that protects against all three diseases in one dose can be given from five weeks old. This may not be suitable if your rabbit is already vaccinated against myxomatosis but not R(V)HD2. Always get vet advice about the right vaccination course for you and the best time to vaccinate.

Preventing diseases in rabbits

Keep your rabbit healthy and happy by remembering the following tips:

  • Give regular boosters throughout your rabbit's life.

  • Controlling insects may reduce infection risk. Deter flies and mosquitoes, for example by using insect-proof screens. Ensure your home and all pets are treated for fleas as advised by your vet. Fleas from cats and dogs can infect rabbits.

  • Regularly clean and disinfect your rabbits' enclosures and play areas. Remember to use a rabbit-safe disinfectant. Change bedding and litter often. Never use housing or bedding from any rabbits who could have had these infections.

  • Prevent contact with affected domestic rabbits and all wild rabbits. Don't allow your rabbits to go into any areas where they've been.

Vaccinate all your rabbits to stop deadly diseases as there are no effective treatments, vaccinations are essential.